Operating
System
Operatingsystem is defined as a software program that runs on the system and manages all
software and hardware resources of computer. It acts as an interface between
the user and computer.
OS is a key
component of system software in a system. Nowadays, various OS are available to
the users such as Linux, Mac, Windows, etc. OS deals with the several topics
viz. process control, Linux forks, Inter process communication, virtual memory,
paging, segmentation, Page replacement Algorithms, Scheduling Algorithms,
Asynchronous concurrent processes, Concurrent programming, and many more.
It recognizes
effort from the keyboard, sends output to the system’s screen & keep track
of files & directory on the disk by controlling marginal devices. Its
structure consists of system machinery, system services, system calls and
system programs.
There are
different types of Operating System Assignment given as:
Batch
Operating System: the user of batch Operating System prepared the job on
off-line devices because user’ do not communicate with the system directly.
Network
Operating System: it runs on the server & enables the server to manage the different
functions of networking, such as data, applications, security, etc.
Time Sharing
Operating System: It is also known as Multi user Operating System as it permits
multiple users to access a computer system at different terminals.
Real time
Operating System: it has fixed time constrain and requires minimum interval
time to process and respond to an input. It is of two types, including Soft
real-time systems and hard real-time systems.
OS covers
the interconnection between computer and its devices. It provides a software
platform to run the application programs, with OS help programs can run on the
system. User can run the application program on any OS but it must be written
to run. Two main views of Operating System are User view and System view. Some
of the core topics of OS are as follows:
Problems on
Deadlock: deadlock is a situation where all the processes get stuck in a loop
and nothing can be done.
Semaphore:
it is the most important concept of OS which is used for sharing the access to
files and to share a common memory space
Files and
Database Systems: file systems is a part of OS which is used to keep the track
of files in computer system whereas database system not usually a part of OS,
it only provides the access to information in a database.
OS performs
the various operations to develop the applications:
In
multitasking OS, OS determines the order and time to run the applications.
OS manages
the sharing of internal memory between the various applications.
It sends the
messages about the status of operation to each application and user.
It manages
the division of programs on systems that provides parallel processing, so the
program can run on the multiple processor in one time.
Scheduling
algorithm is the one of the major concept of OS which is responsible for the
CPU time allocation to the process and threads. These algorithms can be
preemptive or non preemptive. Main objective of this algorithm is to allocate
the CPU time to all tasks. Scheduling algorithm is of six types:
First-Come,
First-Server Scheduling
Shortest-Job-Next
Scheduling
Priority
Scheduling
Multiple-Level
Queues Scheduling
Shortest
Remaining Time
Round Robin
Scheduling
Nowadays,
Security is the most important concern of the systems software. Security is
mainly concerned with assigning a security system to the resources of computer
such as memory, software programs, CPU, information. A computer can be damaged
or its data can be lost, if an unauthorized user runs a program on it. We can
provide the security to computer systems Assignment in following ways:
Authentication
One time
passwords
Program
threats protection software
System
threats protection software
Distributed
Operating System serves the multiple real time applications by using multiple
central processors and is an extension of the Network OS. It supports the addition
of machines and advanced level communication on the network. Some of the most
known e.g. of Distributed Operating System are IRIX operating system, DYNIX OS,
Mach OS, Solaris OS, AIX OS, etc. it provides the several advantages:
Reliability
Communication
Resource
sharing
Speed up
Computation
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